PHARMACOLOGY AND THERAPEUTICS II

Course Content

Module Content

• Antibacterial Agents; introduction to antimicrobials (classification of antimicrobials, mechanisms of action of antimicrobials, principles of antimicrobial treatment, problems associated with antimicrobial use, rational use of antimicrobials), drugs that inhibit cell wall synthesis (beta lactam antimicrobials – penicillins, cephalosporins, carbapenems, monobactams), drugs that inhibit nucleic acid synthesis (sulphonamides& trimethoprim, nitroimidazoles, quinolones), drugs that inhibit protein synthesis (aminoglycosides, chloramphenicol, clindamycin, fucidic acid, macrolides, tetracyclines), antimycobacterial drugs (anti-tubercular drugs, treatment of tuberculosis, anti-leprosy drugs, treatment of leprosy).


• Antifungal Agents; classification and mechanisms of action, polyenes (amphotericin B, nystatin), heterocyclic benzfuran (griseofulvin),antimetabolites (flucytosine), imidazoles (ketoconazole, clotrimazole), triazoles (fluconazole, itraconazole),echinocandins (caspofungin, anidulafungin, micafungin), allylamines (terbinafine), other topical antifungals.


• Anti-viral Agents; introduction, classification, anti-herpes virus drugs, anti-influenza virus drugs, anti-cytomegalovirus drugs, interferons, antiretroviral drugs (classification, sites and mechanisms of action, goals and principles of antiretroviral therapy, approach to antiretroviral therapy (protocols), HIV standard regimens, dosages and adverse effects of ARVs).


• Topical Agents and Antiseptics; classification, ophthalmic drugs (antibacterial preparations, mydriatics, miotics, anti-allergic preparations),dermatological preparations (antipruritics, anti-ectoparasitic agents, antifungals, keratolytic agents, topical antibiotics and antiseptics, topical steroids).